This report examines the important and diverse economic and social benefits being delivered by Indigenous land and sea management through ranger groups and Indigenous Protected Areas across Australia. The report builds a comprehensive analysis of the economic and social benefits of these programs, exploring what factors underpin their success and presenting a compelling case for future funding. It could be useful for stakeholders interested in building a case for increased conservation measures and increased or ongoing funding. Key sections include 2. Overview of Ranger Programs (pg. 13), 3.. Economic and Social Benefits (pg. 21), and 4. Case Studies (pg. 35), in addition to several helpful graphics and charts with quantitative information.